================================================================================ INDONESIA FOOD, RESOURCE, AND COMMODITY ASSURANCE ACT Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, 2024-2029 Term, 2026 Session Prepared by Imran Cooper, The Amanuensis May 2026 VERIFICATION NOTES: INDONESIA FISCAL AND PROGRAMME FRAMEWORK (verified 2025-2026): - Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia): population approximately 277 million (the world's fourth-most-populous country); 38 provinces; presidential system under the 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, UUD 1945) as amended. - President Prabowo Subianto inaugurated 20 October 2024 for the 2024-2029 term. Vice President Gibran Rakabuming Raka. - Currency: rupiah (IDR / Rp). - Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG / Free Nutritious Meals): President Prabowo's signature programme launched 6 January 2025, with 190 Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG / Nutrition Service Units) operating across 26 provinces on launch day (detik.com health, January 2025; setkab.go.id May 2025). Government announced additional Rp 100 trillion (~$6.7 billion USD) allocation to expand the programme, targeting **82.9 million beneficiaries by September 2025** (indonesiasentinel.com). Programme covers high school and vocational students, pregnant women, lactating mothers. Wikipedia (Free Nutritious Meals article) and JICA Research Institute characterise MBG as one of the most ambitious universal-school-meal programmes globally. This Act extends the MBG operational chassis to a broader food, resource, and commodity assurance programme. - Danantara Indonesia (Daya Anagata Nusantara), the new Indonesian sovereign wealth fund: launched by President Prabowo at Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, on 24 February 2025 (Reuters, Channel News Asia, Asia House September 2025); consolidates the existing Indonesia Investment Authority (INA, established 2021); now manages approximately US$900 billion in assets under management — **the world's seventh-largest sovereign wealth fund** (Asia House, 30 September 2025); managing total assets of approximately IDR 9,049 trillion (USD 571.6 billion), exceeding the IDR 1,000 trillion minimum capital requirement of the Amended SOE Law (makarim.com Issue 6, February 2025). Initial deployment of $20 billion across metal processing, AI, and other development priorities. INDONESIAN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE CHASSIS: - BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara / State-Owned Enterprises): the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises oversees approximately one hundred state-owned enterprises including Pertamina (oil and gas), PLN (electricity), Bank Mandiri / BRI / BNI (banking), Telkom Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia, KAI (railways), and many others. Danantara consolidates State Treasury equity in major BUMN companies into the sovereign-wealth-fund structure. - Bulog (Badan Urusan Logistik / National Logistics Agency): the state agency historically operating Indonesian rice and staple-food distribution; the long-standing Indonesian commissary-equivalent chassis for staple-food market stabilisation. INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANCHORS: - UUD 1945 (Constitution of 1945) as amended: Article 33(1): The economy shall be structured as a common endeavour based upon the principle of family. Article 33(2): Branches of production which are important for the State and which affect the livelihood of a considerable part of the population shall be controlled by the State. Article 33(3): The land, the waters and the natural riches contained therein shall be controlled by the State and exploited to the greatest benefit of the people. Article 33(4): The national economy shall be organised on the basis of economic democracy upholding the principles of togetherness, efficiency with justice, sustainability, environmental perspective, self-sufficiency, and keeping a balance in the progress and unity of the national economy. Article 34(1): The poor and destitute children are to be cared for by the State. - Pancasila (the Five Principles, foundational state philosophy): (1) Belief in the one and only God (Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa); (2) A just and civilised humanity (Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab); (3) The unity of Indonesia (Persatuan Indonesia); (4) Democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations among representatives (Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/ perwakilan); (5) Social justice for all the people of Indonesia (Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia). - Mohammad Hatta (1902-1980): founding father of the Indonesian cooperative movement (Bapak Koperasi Indonesia); his cooperative- economics framework is the philosophical anchor for UUD 1945 Article 33's "common endeavour" framing. Hatta is the load-bearing Indonesian philosophical anchor for the Personal Productive Asset entitlement and the cooperative-society partnership provisions of this Act. - Sukarno (1901-1970): first President of the Republic of Indonesia; the Pancasila philosopher and the founding-independence statesman (Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, 17 August 1945). - Reformasi (1998): the democratic transition after the May 1998 resignation of President Suharto; the constitutional reform process that produced UUD 1945 amendments establishing direct presidential election, decentralisation, and human-rights protections. INDONESIAN COOPERATIVE TRADITION (KOPERASI): - Indonesian cooperatives are constitutionally recognised under UUD 1945 Article 33 as the foundational form of economic organisation. - Koperasi Indonesia: the national cooperative movement; thousands of cooperatives operate across Indonesian provinces in agriculture, fisheries, savings and credit, consumer goods, and other sectors. - Hatta's "common endeavour" framing (gotong royong / mutual assistance) is the philosophical anchor for cooperative-society partnership in this Act. INDONESIAN REGIONAL FRAMEWORK: - 38 provinces (provinsi): Aceh, Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Riau, Kepulauan Riau, Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, Bangka Belitung, Bengkulu, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, Banten, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, DI Yogyakarta, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Utara, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Papua Barat, Papua, Papua Selatan, Papua Tengah, Papua Pegunungan, Papua Barat Daya. - Each province has a Governor (Gubernur) and a Provincial Council (DPRD Provinsi). Each province subdivides into regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota), and further into districts (kecamatan) and villages (desa / kelurahan). - IKN Ibu Kota Nusantara: the new Indonesian capital under construction in East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur), replacing Jakarta as the national capital. IKN is itself a major productive-capacity deployment under existing Indonesian state programme. INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD CAPACITY: - Indonesia is a major global producer of rice, palm oil, rubber, coffee, cocoa, spices, and fisheries products. - Despite production capacity, Indonesia has historically faced food-affordability and undernutrition challenges, particularly for low-income households and in eastern Indonesia. The MBG programme (Jan 2025) was designed specifically to address these challenges through universal school-meal provision. - Stunting prevalence: Indonesia has worked to reduce child stunting rates from over 30% (early 2010s) toward government targets in the high teens; nutrition remains a central public- health priority. The MBG programme is part of the government strategy to accelerate stunting reduction. DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE PROOF OF CAPACITY: - BPJS Kesehatan (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan): Indonesia's national health insurance, with approximately 270+ million participants — among the largest single-payer health insurance systems in the world (post-COVID expansion brought it close to universal coverage). Demonstrates Indonesian administrative capacity to operate universal social programmes. - BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (Employment Social Security): national pension and employment-injury insurance. - MBG Free Nutritious Meals: scaling to 82.9 million beneficiaries by September 2025 across all 38 provinces; the operational chassis this Act builds on. - Bulog: long-standing staple-food distribution and reserve management agency. - Pos Indonesia: the state postal service with national reach. HISTORICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PRECEDENT (Papers VIII + I, universal): - Augustus annona civica: formalized ~27 BC, ~200,000 Roman citizens, 400+ year duration - Nerva alimenta: state-funded rural loans, interest redirected to orphan/destitute child nutrition (Cassius Dio) COMPETENCY AND DEVELOPMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE (Paper X, universal): - Indonesia's education system: 6-year primary + 3-year junior secondary + 3-year senior secondary (compulsory through age 15 with progress toward age 18) + university - PIAAC / OECD adult-skills assessment patterns relevant for the K-25 extension framing CLASSICAL AND ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY ANCHORS (universal + Indonesian): - Plato "Republic" (c. 375 BC); Plato "Meno" (c. 385 BC) - Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations (1776) - Mohammad Hatta (Indonesian cooperative economics, see above) - Pancasila (foundational state philosophy, see above) MATHEMATICS OF ABUNDANCE (Paper III anchors, applied to Indonesia): - Indonesian food spending: significant share of household budget particularly for lower-income deciles - USDA Food Dollar Series 24.3¢ farm / 75.7¢ marketing applies cross-jurisdictionally; Indonesian retail-distribution share of food prices is structurally similar UNVERIFIED (flag for final-pass verification before public distribution): - DPR/MPR convocation enumeration for current 2024-2029 term - Indonesian state budget (APBN) 2026 total - MBG final operational status as of Q2 2026 (refresh the 82.9M September 2025 target against current beneficiary count) - Bulog current operating scale 2025-2026 - BPJS Kesehatan current participant count ================================================================================ DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT REPUBLIK INDONESIA People's Representative Council Of the Republic of Indonesia Masa Bakti 2024-2029 / 2026 Session ================================================================================ RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG (RUU) DRAFT BILL DIAJUKAN OLEH ________ (Anggota DPR) INTRODUCED BY ________ (Members of the DPR) TENTANG PROGRAM JAMINAN PANGAN, SUMBER DAYA, DAN KEBUTUHAN POKOK INDONESIA CONCERNING THE INDONESIAN FOOD, RESOURCE, AND COMMODITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME UNDANG-UNDANG / A LAW ================================================================================ LONG TITLE / JUDUL PANJANG ================================================================================ UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA TENTANG JAMINAN PANGAN, SUMBER DAYA, DAN KEBUTUHAN POKOK A LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA concerning the establishment of the Indonesian Food, Resource, and Commodity Assurance Programme building on the operational chassis of Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG / Free Nutritious Meals, launched 6 January 2025, scaling to 82.9 million beneficiaries by September 2025); the establishment of Indonesian Food Assurance Centres (Pusat Jaminan Pangan Indonesia, PJPI) in every province under the coordination of the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (Kementerian BUMN), the Ministry of Agriculture (Kementerian Pertanian), the Ministry of Trade (Kementerian Perdagangan), the Ministry of Social Affairs (Kementerian Sosial), and the Governors of the thirty-eight provinces; coordination with Bulog (the National Logistics Agency) for staple-food supply, with the Indonesian cooperative movement (Koperasi Indonesia) under UUD 1945 Article 33, and with Danantara Indonesia (the sovereign wealth fund launched 24 February 2025 with approximately US$900 billion in assets under management) for strategic infrastructure investment; extension of the Vitruvian Quotient framework as an enhancement layer to the Indonesian education system; explicit declination to establish any new Indonesian income tax (PPh), value added tax (PPN), or luxury goods sales tax (PPnBM) for the funding of the programme; and provision for connected purposes consistent with Pancasila and UUD 1945. ================================================================================ LEGISLATIVE ROUTING NOTE ================================================================================ This Draft Bill (Rancangan Undang-Undang, RUU) is for introduction in the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (DPR-RI), under Article 20A of the Constitution of 1945 as amended, conferring legislative function on the DPR. The right of legislative initiative is conferred jointly on the DPR, the Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD / Regional Representative Council), and the President of the Republic. Suggested commission (Komisi) referrals following First Reading: - Komisi IV (Agriculture, Environment, Forestry, Maritime, and Fisheries) — for food production and Bulog coordination - Komisi VI (State-Owned Enterprises, Trade, Industry, Investment, Cooperatives, SMEs) — for BUMN coordination, cooperative partnership, and Danantara coordination - Komisi VIII (Religious Affairs, Social Affairs, and Women's Empowerment) — for the social-protection provisions - Komisi XI (Finance, Banking, Development Planning) — for the fiscal provisions - Komisi IX (Health, Manpower, and Transmigration) — for coordination with BPJS Kesehatan and the MBG programme The Draft Bill is then submitted for joint consideration with the Government (Pemerintah). Upon mutual agreement (persetujuan bersama) between the DPR and the President, the Bill is enacted into Law and promulgated in the Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia. ================================================================================ DIVISION I — FOOD ASSURANCE ================================================================================ ARTICLE 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INDONESIAN FOOD, RESOURCE, AND COMMODITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME. (1) There is hereby established the Indonesian Food, Resource, and Commodity Assurance Programme (Program Jaminan Pangan, Sumber Daya, dan Kebutuhan Pokok Indonesia, "the Programme"), administered by the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Social Affairs, Bulog, and the Governors of the thirty-eight provinces. (2) The Programme builds on the operational chassis of Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG / Free Nutritious Meals), extending the nutrition-service infrastructure to a broader commodity- assurance programme. (3) The Programme shall operate Indonesian Food Assurance Centres (Pusat Jaminan Pangan Indonesia, "PJPI") in every province on the effective date of this Act, delivering at-cost distribution of basic-needs food and essential goods, in coordination with the MBG Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) infrastructure where co-located. ARTICLE 2. ENTITLEMENT TO PARTICIPATE. (1) Every Indonesian citizen ordinarily resident in the Republic of Indonesia, identified by Nomor Induk Kependudukan (NIK) under the national civil-registration system, is automatically entitled to participate in the Programme. (2) Foreign nationals lawfully resident in Indonesia holding permanent residence (KITAP) are likewise entitled. (3) Participation is voluntary. No citizen is required to obtain goods through the Programme; the existing commercial retail market continues to operate unaffected. ARTICLE 3. PROGRAMME GOODS AND AT-COST PRICING. (1) PJPI outlets shall offer for distribution at production cost plus reasonable distribution allowance: (a) Staple foods (rice, including beras / nasi varieties, corn, cassava, sago in eastern Indonesian regions where culturally appropriate, pulses, cooking oils — including palm oil at production cost — sugar, salt, tea, coffee); (b) Protein sources (chicken, eggs, fish from Indonesian fisheries, tempeh, tofu, canned proteins); (c) Vegetables and fruits sourced where possible from Indonesian producers; (d) Basic clothing including modest-cost garments suitable for the Indonesian climate, school uniforms aligned with the national education curriculum, undergarments, and footwear; (e) Hand tools, household goods, and basic kitchen supplies; (f) Educational supplies for K-25 students (paper, pens, calculators, textbooks aligned with the Indonesian national curriculum); (g) Basic baby and child supplies (formula, nappies, basic clothing, child-safety equipment) coordinated with stunting-prevention programming. (2) Pricing shall be calculated on the at-cost basis. ARTICLE 4. RELATIONSHIP TO MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS (MBG). (1) The Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) programme launched 6 January 2025 is wholly preserved by this Act and shall continue to operate. (2) Where PJPI outlets are co-located with MBG Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) units, the two operations shall share administrative infrastructure to minimise duplication. (3) MBG beneficiaries are automatically eligible for PJPI participation through the existing MBG enrolment infrastructure. ================================================================================ DIVISION II — PUBLIC HEALTH PROMOTION ================================================================================ ARTICLE 5. PUBLIC HEALTH PROMOTION. (1) The Programme operates in coordination with BPJS Kesehatan (the national health insurance system) to monitor and to contribute to the reduction of child stunting prevalence, maternal undernutrition, and basic-needs food insecurity in Indonesian provinces. (2) The Ministry of Health (Kementerian Kesehatan) shall report annually to the DPR on the relationship between PJPI access in each province and the trajectory of national stunting-reduction targets. ================================================================================ DIVISION III — EDUCATION MODERNISATION ================================================================================ ARTICLE 6. EDUCATION PIPELINE AND THE K-25 EXTENSION. (1) The Indonesian education system is acknowledged by this Act as a foundation for the K-25 developmental pipeline proposed by the Vitruvian Quotient framework (Cooper, 2026). (2) The Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi) is directed to prepare a report to the DPR within twenty-four months of the effective date of this Act on the operational steps required to extend developmental and competency- maintenance frameworks beyond the current compulsory-education age, including coordination with vocational secondary (SMK / Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan), with the polytechnic and university sectors, and with Indonesian Islamic education (madrasah / pesantren). (3) The Vitruvian Quotient framework (Cooper, 2026) is recognised by this Act as the conceptual instrument for the K-25 pipeline. Detailed implementation of an Indonesian K-25 Education Modernisation Law is the subject of a separate Draft Bill. ================================================================================ DIVISION IV — FUNDING ================================================================================ ARTICLE 7. INITIAL APPROPRIATION. (1) For the financial year 2027 there is appropriated from the Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN / State Budget) the sum of Rp 50 trillion (lima puluh triliun rupiah) for the establishment of the Programme and the initial operation of PJPI outlets. (2) Subsequent annual appropriations shall be made in the ordinary APBN Law. ARTICLE 8. COORDINATION WITH DANANTARA INDONESIA. (1) PJPI infrastructure capital investment may, by agreement between the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises and Danantara Indonesia, be co-financed from Danantara Indonesia's investment capacity, where consistent with Danantara Indonesia's investment mandate and the Amended SOE Law. (2) The Programme does not displace any existing Danantara Indonesia investment line. ARTICLE 9. COOPERATIVE-SOCIETY PARTNERSHIP. (1) The Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (Menteri Koperasi dan UKM) is directed to enter partnership agreements with Indonesian cooperatives (koperasi) for the operation of PJPI outlets where the cooperative is willing and able to deliver the at-cost programme to the standard required by this Act. (2) The partnership shall preserve cooperative autonomy, membership governance, and capacity to operate non-Programme commercial activity alongside Programme distribution. (3) The partnership operates consistently with UUD 1945 Article 33 and the cooperative philosophy of Mohammad Hatta, Bapak Koperasi Indonesia. ================================================================================ DIVISION V — GENERAL PROVISIONS ================================================================================ ARTICLE 10. NO NEW TAXATION. (1) The DPR declares that no new Indonesian personal income tax (Pajak Penghasilan, PPh), corporate income tax, value added tax (PPN), luxury goods sales tax (PPnBM), excise (cukai), or other Indonesian tax of any kind is established, extended, or increased by this Act for the funding of the Programme. (2) The Programme is funded through existing Indonesian fiscal infrastructure as enumerated in Division IV. ARTICLE 11. EXISTING INDONESIAN INSTITUTIONS UNAFFECTED. This Act does not affect the establishment, functions, governance, or operation of: (a) Bank Indonesia (the central bank); (b) BUMN Pertamina, PLN, Bank Mandiri, BRI, BNI, Telkom Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia, KAI, Pos Indonesia, and any other state-owned enterprise; (c) BPJS Kesehatan and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan; (d) Bulog, beyond the coordination expressly authorised by Article 1; (e) Danantara Indonesia, beyond the coordination expressly authorised by Article 8; (f) The Indonesia Investment Authority (INA), now consolidated under Danantara Indonesia; (g) Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG), wholly preserved by Article 4; (h) The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises, and other ministries, beyond the coordination expressly authorised by this Act; (i) The DPR, the DPD, the MPR, the President of the Republic, the Vice President, the judiciary, the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi), and the Constitution of 1945. ARTICLE 12. PANCASILA CONSISTENCY. (1) This Act is enacted consistent with the Pancasila foundational state philosophy of the Republic of Indonesia. (2) The "common endeavour" framing of UUD 1945 Article 33 and the Hatta cooperative tradition underwrite the operational architecture of this Act. ARTICLE 13. EFFECTIVE DATE. (1) This Act takes effect on 1 January 2027, except that Article 7 (Initial Appropriation) takes effect on the date this Act is promulgated in the Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia, and Article 1 (Establishment) takes effect ninety days after promulgation. (2) The President shall issue implementing regulations (Peraturan Pemerintah, PP, and Peraturan Presiden, Perpres) within 120 days of promulgation. ARTICLE 14. INTERPRETATION. In this Act — "the Programme" means the Indonesian Food, Resource, and Commodity Assurance Programme established under Article 1; "a PJPI outlet" means an Indonesian Food Assurance Centre established under Article 1; "MBG" means Makan Bergizi Gratis, the Free Nutritious Meals programme launched 6 January 2025; "Danantara Indonesia" means the sovereign wealth fund launched 24 February 2025; "NIK" means Nomor Induk Kependudukan, the Indonesian national identification number; "provinsi" means an Indonesian province; "kabupaten" means an Indonesian regency; "kota" means an Indonesian city; "kecamatan" means an Indonesian district; "desa" / "kelurahan" means an Indonesian village; "koperasi" means an Indonesian cooperative under UUD 1945 Article 33; "ordinarily resident" has the meaning given by Indonesian residence law. ================================================================================ - END - ================================================================================