Historical Apoplexy · State Legislative Adaptations · Nigeria
Nigeria Food, Resource, and Commodity Assurance Act
A Westminster-Parliament adaptation of Historical Apoplexy
PARLIAMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA
Tenth National Assembly / 2026 Session
DRAFT BILL
INTRODUCED BY ________ (Member of the National Assembly)
CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NIGERIA
FOOD, RESOURCE, AND COMMODITY ASSURANCE
PROGRAMME
A BILL FOR AN ACT
LONG TITLE
AN ACT OF THE PARLIAMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA concerning the establishment of the Nigeria Food, Resource, and Commodity Assurance Programme; the establishment of Nigerian Food Assurance Centres (NFAC) in every state and the Federal Capital Territory, and in every Local Government Area, on a phased rollout commencing on the effective date of this Act; the conferral of an at-cost basic-needs commodity entitlement on every citizen of the Federal Republic of Nigeria ordinarily resident in the Federation, identified by the 11-digit National Identification Number (NIN) issued by the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), enrolled through the existing National Cash Transfer Office (NCTO) under the National Social Investment Programme Agency (NSIPA) and the Renewed Hope Conditional Cash Transfer infrastructure; coordination with the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA), the Bank of Industry (BOI), the Development Bank of Nigeria (DBN), and the Bank of Agriculture (BOA) for capital investment and credit guarantees; coordination with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, the 36 state Ministries of Agriculture, and the Nigerian agricultural cooperative sector under the Co- operative Societies Act; coordination with NIPOST and the esusu / ajo / adashe rotating savings and credit associations for community-scale at-cost distribution; coordination with Food Bank Nigeria, the Nigerian Red Cross Society (NRCS), and the faith-based distribution networks of the Christian Association of Nigeria and Jamatu Nasril Islam (JNI) for delivery partnership; consistency with the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended), particularly Section 14(2)(b) (the security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of government), Section 16 (economic objectives), Section 17 (social objectives), and Section 18 (educational objectives) of Chapter II, and Section 224 of the Central Bank of Nigeria Act on CBN monetary policy independence; consistency with the philosophical heritage of the Independence Declaration of 1 October 1960, Democracy Day of 12 June 1993 / 12 June 2018 statutory reframing, the 1914 Amalgamation, the 1999 return to civilian rule, and the tri-cultural Omoluabi (Yoruba) + Imeobi (Igbo) + Mutunci (Hausa) human-dignity tradition; explicit declination to establish any new Nigerian personal income tax, companies income tax, value-added tax, petroleum profits tax, customs duty, excise duty, or other Nigerian tax of any kind for the funding of the Programme; and provision for connected purposes.
LEGISLATIVE ROUTING NOTE
This Draft Bill is for introduction in the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria during the Tenth National Assembly, 2026 Session, under the legislative-initiative provisions of Section 58 of the Constitution.
The Bill is processed through both the House of Representatives and the Senate per the Constitution's bicameral requirement.
Suggested committee referrals following First Reading:
- Senate Committee on Finance + House Committee on Finance: lead for fiscal provisions and NSIA + BOI + DBN + BOA coordination - Senate Committee on Industry + House Committee on Industry: for the productive-capacity and BOI coordination provisions - Senate Committee on Agriculture + House Committee on Agricultural Production and Services: for the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, BOA, and cooperative-sector coordination provisions - Senate Committee on Banking, Insurance and Other Financial Institutions + House Committee on Banking and Currency: for the CBN, BVN-NIN linkage, and Renewed Hope CCT distribution provisions - Senate Committee on Special Duties + House Committee on Special Duties: for the National Social Investment Programme Agency (NSIPA) and NCTO coordination - Senate Committee on FCT + House Committee on FCT: for the FCT-specific provisions and Abuja metropolitan rollout - Senate Committee on Cooperation and Integration in Africa + House Committee on Cooperation and Integration in Africa: for the regional cooperation provisions (ECOWAS context coordination if invoked) - Senate Committee on National Security and Intelligence + House Committee on Defence: for the Nigerian Armed Forces strategic-reserve coordination - Senate Committee on Health + House Committee on Health Care Services: for the public-health coordination provisions
Following passage by both Chambers and harmonisation under the Conference Committee mechanism, the Bill is presented to the President for assent under Section 58 of the Constitution and publication in the Federal Government Gazette.
DIVISION I - FOOD ASSURANCE
ARTICLE 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NIGERIA FOOD, RESOURCE, AND
COMMODITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME.
(1) There is hereby established the Nigeria Food, Resource,
and Commodity Assurance Programme ("the Programme"),
administered by the Minister of Special Duties and
Inter-Governmental Affairs (coordinating with the National
Social Investment Programme Agency / NSIPA) in
coordination with the Minister of Finance, the Minister of
Industry, Trade and Investment, the Minister of Agriculture
and Food Security, the Minister of Health, the Minister of
the Federal Capital Territory, the 36 state Governors and
their respective Executive Councils, and the 774 Local
Government Area Chairmen.
(2) The Programme shall operate Nigerian Food Assurance
Centres ("NFAC") in every state and the Federal Capital
Territory, and in every Local Government Area, on a
phased rollout under Title VII below, with priority
deployment in:
(a) the highest-food-insecurity Local Government Areas
in the six geopolitical zones, including the North-
East (Borno, Yobe, Adamawa) and the North-West (Zamfara,
Sokoto, Kebbi, Katsina) where the post-2009 insurgency
context has produced sustained acute food insecurity;
(b) the Niger Delta states (Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross
River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo, Rivers) under the
post-petroleum-subsidy-removal workforce-reskilling
priority;
(c) the major metropolitan agglomerations of Lagos State
(the Lagos Mainland and Lagos Island, including the
Makoko, Ajegunle, Mushin, Oshodi-Isolo, and Agege
catchment areas), Kano State (Kano metropolitan), the
Federal Capital Territory (Abuja Municipal Area
Council and the satellite settlements), Rivers State
(Port Harcourt), Oyo State (Ibadan), and Kaduna
State (Kaduna metropolitan).
ARTICLE 2. ENTITLEMENT TO PARTICIPATE.
(1) Every citizen of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
ordinarily resident in the Federation, identified by the
11-digit National Identification Number (NIN) issued by
the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), is
automatically entitled to participate in the Programme.
(2) Foreign nationals lawfully resident in Nigeria who hold
a Nigerian residence permit and an associated identifier
issued by the Nigeria Immigration Service, including
holders of ECOWAS protocol residence and refugees
documented under the National Commission for Refugees,
Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), are
likewise entitled.
(3) Participation is voluntary. No citizen or lawful
resident is required to obtain goods through the
Programme; the existing commercial retail market
continues to operate unaffected.
ARTICLE 3. PROGRAMME GOODS AND AT-COST PRICING.
(1) NFAC outlets shall offer for distribution at production
cost plus reasonable distribution allowance:
(a) Staple foods (rice, garri, fufu, maize, sorghum,
millet, yam, cassava, plantain, beans, groundnut,
cooking oils including palm oil and groundnut oil,
sugar, salt, tea, coffee, consistent with Nigerian
dietary tradition across the six geopolitical zones
and the major ethno-cultural groupings);
(b) Protein sources (beef, chicken, goat meat, eggs,
fish from Nigerian coastal and inland fisheries,
suya / kilishi cured meats per regional tradition,
dairy products including fura da nono, soybean
products, locust-bean / iru / dawadawa);
(c) Vegetables and fruits sourced where possible from
Nigerian producers including okra, tomatoes, onions,
peppers, leafy greens (ugu / efo / ewedu), citrus,
mangoes, pineapples, plantains, cocoa products
(Nigeria is one of the world's largest cocoa
producers, in Cross River, Ondo, Ekiti, Osun, Ogun);
(d) Basic clothing including school uniforms aligned with
state-curriculum requirements, weather-appropriate
clothing for the Nigerian climate (the harmattan
season in the North and the rainy / humid season in
the South), and footwear;
(e) Hand tools, household goods, basic kitchen and
cleaning supplies, and water-storage containers
(the water-storage provision recognises the recurring
municipal water-supply interruptions documented
across many Nigerian states);
(f) Educational supplies for learners through the
developmental window extended to age 25 under the
broader Compendium proposal;
(g) Basic baby and child supplies;
(h) Emergency-preparedness supplies (water, non-
perishable food, basic lighting, candles, kerosene
or LPG cookers where applicable, prepaid mobile-
network data vouchers) given the recurring power-
supply-interruption context and the seasonal
flooding context across the Niger and Benue River
basins.
(2) Pricing shall be calculated on the at-cost basis. The
DeCA (Defense Commissary Agency) precedent has operated
this model in the United States since 1867 by contracting
with private suppliers under 10 USC Section 2484
(verified in Universal Foundational Citation E above).
The Programme inherits that operational discipline:
contract with Nigerian private producers, operate the
retail point at cost plus a reasonable distribution
allowance, leave the commercial market untouched.
ARTICLE 4. COORDINATION WITH AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES, THE
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY,
AND THE BANK OF AGRICULTURE.
(1) The Minister of Agriculture and Food Security, in
coordination with the 36 state Ministries of Agriculture,
the Bank of Agriculture (BOA), and the Nigerian
agricultural cooperative sector registered under the
Co-operative Societies Act, is directed to enter
partnership agreements with Nigerian agricultural
cooperatives for the supply of Nigerian-grown
agricultural commodities to the Programme.
(2) The partnership shall preserve cooperative autonomy and
membership governance per the Co-operative Societies Act,
and shall coordinate with the Anchor Borrowers Programme
(administered by the Central Bank of Nigeria), the
National Livestock Transformation Plan, the Green
Imperative Programme, and the federal-state agricultural
extension services.
(3) The indigenous Nigerian cooperative tradition (esusu /
ajo / adashe / asusu rotating savings and credit
associations together with the formal Cooperative
Thrift Societies registered under the Co-operative
Societies Act) is recognised as a Nigerian institutional
resource and is expressly preserved by this Act.
(4) Partnership agreements shall maintain the established
cooperative principles articulated in the Co-operative
Societies Act, including voluntary and open membership,
democratic member control, member economic
participation, autonomy and independence, education and
information, cooperation among cooperatives, and concern
for community.
ARTICLE 5. DELIVERY PARTNERSHIP WITH FOOD BANK NIGERIA, THE
NIGERIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY, AND THE FAITH-BASED
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS.
(1) The Programme is authorised to enter delivery-partnership
agreements with Food Bank Nigeria, the Nigerian Red
Cross Society (NRCS), the Christian Association of
Nigeria social-services arms, the Jamatu Nasril Islam
(JNI) social-services arms, and other accredited
humanitarian organisations for last-mile distribution
at the LGA and ward level.
(2) Partnership agreements shall preserve the independent
governance of those organisations and shall not transfer
Programme commodities for any purpose other than the
at-cost distribution mandate of this Act.
(3) Existing food-aid and feeding programmes administered by
Food Bank Nigeria, the NRCS, the National Home Grown
School Feeding Programme (NHGSFP) under NSIPA, and
other accredited humanitarian organisations are
preserved and may be coordinated with, but are not
displaced by, this Act.
DIVISION II - PUBLIC HEALTH PROMOTION, (Marmot quartet structural rationale)
ARTICLE 6. STRUCTURAL RATIONALE - HIERARCHY ITSELF KILLS.
(1) The Parliament finds, on the basis of Universal
Foundational Citation C (Marmot quartet), that the
structural mechanism of hierarchy-related mortality and
morbidity operates through the chronic-stress
physiological pathway documented across the Whitehall
studies, the Sapolsky Serengeti baboon cohort, the
Shively cynomolgus-macaque cingulate-cortex serotonin
work, and the Blackburn Nobel-Prize-winning telomere
research. The gap is the gradient, not the deprivation.
Treating sickness downstream of an untreated gradient is
documented to fail across four research programmes, six
decades, and three species. Hierarchy itself kills.
(2) Nigerian regional, ethnic, and rural-urban stratification
gradients (the Lagos and Abuja metropolitan complexes on
one hand and the North-East / North-West rural areas
most affected by the post-2009 insurgency context on
the other) translate directly into the Marmot pathway at
population scale. This Act addresses the gradient at the
basic-needs layer at which the Marmot quartet finds most
aggressive health-pathway damage.
ARTICLE 7. PUBLIC HEALTH COORDINATION.
(1) The Programme operates in coordination with the Minister
of Health, the Federal Ministry of Health, the 36 state
Ministries of Health, the National Primary Health Care
Development Agency (NPHCDA), and the National Health
Insurance Authority (NHIA, established under the
National Health Insurance Authority Act, 2022) to
monitor and to contribute to the reduction of basic-needs
food insecurity and stress-mediated public-health
conditions across all six geopolitical zones.
(2) The Minister of Health shall report annually to the
National Assembly on the relationship between NFAC
access at the LGA level and Nigerian population health
indicators, consistent with Section 14(2)(b) of the
Constitution (the security and welfare of the people
shall be the primary purpose of government) and the
Section 17 social-objectives directive.
(3) Coordination shall include the rollout of the National
Health Insurance Authority framework where the
Programme's basic-needs distribution intersects with NHIA
primary-care service delivery at the LGA level.
DIVISION III - EDUCATION MODERNISATION
ARTICLE 8. EDUCATION PIPELINE AND THE EXTENDED DEVELOPMENTAL
WINDOW.
(1) The Nigerian education system is acknowledged by this Act
as a foundation for the developmental pipeline proposed
by the Vitruvian Quotient framework (Cooper, 2026). The
existing Universal Basic Education (UBE, primary and
junior-secondary) administered through the Universal
Basic Education Commission (UBEC), the Senior Secondary
Education administered by state Ministries of Education,
and the tertiary education administered by the National
Universities Commission (NUC), the National Board for
Technical Education (NBTE), and the National Commission
for Colleges of Education (NCCE), form the chassis on
which the extension of the developmental window to age
25 is proposed under the broader Compendium.
(2) Universal Foundational Citation D (PIAAC 2023) documents
the international competency-collapse pattern. Nigeria is
not a PIAAC participant; the equivalent Nigerian
evidence comes from the National Bureau of Statistics
literacy surveys, the UBEC reports, and the National
Population Commission school-attendance returns. The
pattern documented internationally is consistent with the
Nigerian evidence: a competency collapse at the bottom
of the regional and rural-urban gradient that the Marmot
quartet shows is itself a health pathway.
(3) The Minister of Education and the Minister of State for
Education are directed to prepare a joint report to the
National Assembly within twenty-four months of the
effective date of this Act on the operational steps
required to extend developmental and competency-
maintenance arrangements beyond the current post-school
structure, in coordination with the University of Ibadan
(founded 1948, the oldest university in Nigeria), the
University of Lagos, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, the
University of Nigeria Nsukka, the Obafemi Awolowo
University, the National Open University of Nigeria
(NOUN), the National Mathematical Centre, the African
University of Science and Technology Abuja, the Nigeria
Defence Academy Kaduna, and the West African Examinations
Council (WAEC).
(4) The Vitruvian Quotient framework (Cooper, 2026) is
recognised by this Act as the conceptual instrument for
the developmental pipeline. Detailed implementation of a
Nigeria Education Modernisation Act is the subject of a
separate Bill.
DIVISION IV - FUNDING
ARTICLE 9. INITIAL APPROPRIATION.
(1) For the financial year 2027 there is appropriated from
the Federation Account through the Annual Appropriation
Act the sum of N250 billion for the establishment of the
Programme and the initial operation of NFAC outlets,
scaled to the Nigerian population of approximately 232
million.
(2) Subsequent annual appropriations shall be made in the
ordinary annual Appropriation Act.
ARTICLE 10. COORDINATION WITH THE NIGERIA SOVEREIGN INVESTMENT
AUTHORITY, THE BANK OF INDUSTRY, THE DEVELOPMENT
BANK OF NIGERIA, AND THE BANK OF AGRICULTURE.
(1) NFAC infrastructure capital investment may, by agreement
between the Programme and the Nigeria Sovereign
Investment Authority (NSIA), be co-financed through the
Nigeria Infrastructure Fund (NIF) of the NSIA, up to a
cumulative outstanding principal of N500 billion.
(2) Programme manufacturing and processing capacity
development may, by agreement between the Programme and
the Bank of Industry (BOI), be co-financed through BOI
industrial-finance instruments, up to a cumulative
outstanding principal of N300 billion.
(3) Programme MSME-supply-chain coordination may, by
agreement between the Programme and the Development
Bank of Nigeria (DBN), be co-financed through DBN
wholesale facilities to Participating Financial
Institutions, up to a cumulative outstanding principal
of N200 billion.
(4) Programme agricultural-supply-chain coordination may,
by agreement between the Programme and the Bank of
Agriculture (BOA), be co-financed through BOA
agricultural-finance instruments, up to a cumulative
outstanding principal of N150 billion.
(5) The NSIA's role under the 2011 NSIA Act, the BOI's role
as the longest-serving Nigerian Development Finance
Institution, the DBN's wholesale-PFI model, and the
BOA's agricultural-finance mandate make them the natural
Nigerian indigenous coordination partners for Programme
capital investment. This Act does not direct, instruct,
or constrain any NSIA, BOI, DBN, or BOA financing
decision; coordination under this Article is by
agreement only.
(6) For Programme functions exceeding the existing NSIA, BOI,
DBN, and BOA mandates, the Programme may operate under
the sibling Nigeria Productive Capacity Authority and
Energy Security Act.
ARTICLE 11. COORDINATION WITH THE RENEWED HOPE CONDITIONAL
CASH TRANSFER AND THE FEDERATION ACCOUNT.
(1) NFAC infrastructure capital investment may, by agreement
between the Programme and the National Treasury Office,
be coordinated with the Renewed Hope Conditional Cash
Transfer (RH-CCT) programme of NSIPA / NCTO and with the
National Home Grown School Feeding Programme (NHGSFP)
where the Programme's basic-needs distribution
complements those programmes' cash and feeding-support
distributions.
(2) Programme coordination with state and LGA fiscal
frameworks shall operate within the existing
intergovernmental fiscal architecture administered
through the Federation Account Allocation Committee
(FAAC) and the Revenue Mobilisation Allocation and
Fiscal Commission (RMAFC).
(3) The Programme does not displace any existing Renewed
Hope CCT, NHGSFP, Anchor Borrowers Programme, Green
Imperative Programme, or other federal social-protection
or agricultural-development programme.
DIVISION V - GENERAL PROVISIONS
ARTICLE 12. NO NEW TAXATION.
(1) The Parliament declares that no new Nigerian personal
income tax, companies income tax, value-added tax,
petroleum profits tax, fuel levy, excise duty, customs
duty, or other Nigerian tax of any kind is established,
extended, or increased by this Act for the funding of
the Programme.
(2) The Programme is funded through existing Nigerian
fiscal infrastructure as enumerated in Division IV,
consistent with the constitutional fiscal framework in
Chapter VI of the Constitution and the Public Finance
framework administered by the Federal Ministry of
Finance, Budget and National Planning.
ARTICLE 13. EXISTING NIGERIAN INSTITUTIONS UNAFFECTED.
This Act does not affect the establishment, functions, governance, or operation of:
(a) The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the monetary
policy independence guaranteed under the Central Bank
of Nigeria Act, No. 7 of 2007;
(b) The Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA), the
Bank of Industry (BOI), the Development Bank of
Nigeria (DBN), and the Bank of Agriculture (BOA), beyond
the coordination expressly authorised by Article 10;
(c) NNPC Limited (incorporated under CAMA in furtherance of
the Petroleum Industry Act 2021), the Nigerian Upstream
Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC), the Nigerian
Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority
(NMDPRA), and other petroleum-sector state-owned or
state-controlled enterprises;
(d) The Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN), the
Generation Companies (GenCos), the Distribution
Companies (DisCos), the Nigerian Bulk Electricity
Trading Company (NBET), the Nigerian Independent System
Operator (ISO), the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory
Commission (NERC), the Rural Electrification Agency
(REA), and other power-sector state-owned or state-
controlled enterprises, beyond the coordination
expressly authorised by the sibling Nigeria Productive
Capacity Authority and Energy Security Act;
(e) The National Social Investment Programme Agency
(NSIPA), the National Cash Transfer Office (NCTO), the
National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), the
Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), the National
Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the National Population
Commission, the National Identity Database (NIDB), and
other state agencies, beyond the coordination
expressly authorised by this Act;
(f) The Nigerian Postal Service (NIPOST), beyond the
co-delivery coordination authorised by this Act;
(g) The Renewed Hope Conditional Cash Transfer (RH-CCT),
the National Home Grown School Feeding Programme
(NHGSFP), the Anchor Borrowers Programme, the Green
Imperative Programme, and other federal social-
protection or agricultural-development programmes,
beyond the coordination expressly authorised by
Article 11;
(h) Nigerian agricultural cooperatives, consumer
cooperatives, Cooperative Thrift Societies, esusu /
ajo / adashe rotating savings and credit associations,
and the indigenous Nigerian cooperative tradition
generally, beyond the partnership coordination
authorised by Article 4;
(i) Food Bank Nigeria, the Nigerian Red Cross Society
(NRCS), the Christian Association of Nigeria social-
services arms, the Jamatu Nasril Islam (JNI) social-
services arms, and other accredited humanitarian
organisations, beyond the delivery partnership
authorised by Article 5;
(j) The National Assembly (Senate and House of
Representatives), the President of the Federal
Republic, the Federal Executive Council, the Supreme
Court, the Court of Appeal, the Federal Judicial
Service Commission, the National Human Rights
Commission, the Independent National Electoral
Commission (INEC), the Code of Conduct Bureau, the
Public Complaints Commission, and every other Federal
Government institution established by the Constitution.
ARTICLE 14. CONSTITUTIONAL CONSISTENCY.
(1) This Act is enacted consistent with the Constitution of
the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended),
particularly Section 14(2)(b) (the security and welfare
of the people shall be the primary purpose of
government), Section 16 (economic objectives), Section
17 (social objectives), Section 18 (educational
objectives), Chapter II (Fundamental Objectives and
Directive Principles of State Policy), Chapter VI
(Executive), and Chapter VIII (Federal Capital Territory,
Abuja, and General Supplementary Provisions).
(2) The Parliament records its understanding that Section
14(2)(b)'s declaration that the security and welfare of
the people shall be the primary purpose of government,
read together with Section 16's economic-objectives
directive that the State shall control the national
economy to secure the maximum welfare, freedom, and
happiness of every citizen on the basis of social
justice and equality of status and opportunity, supports
the legislative measure adopted by this Act.
ARTICLE 15. EFFECTIVE DATE.
(1) This Act takes effect on 1 April 2027, except that
Article 9 (Initial Appropriation) takes effect on the
date this Act is assented to and published in the
Federal Government Gazette, and Article 1 (Establishment)
takes effect ninety days after publication.
(2) The President is requested, and the Minister of Special
Duties and Inter-Governmental Affairs in concurrence
with the National Social Investment Programme Agency
(NSIPA), is directed, to issue implementing regulations
within 120 days of publication.
(3) Initial Programme distribution is targeted for 1 October
2027, being Independence Day, the anniversary of the
Federal Republic of Nigeria's attainment of independence
from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1960.
ARTICLE 16. INTERPRETATION.
In this Act -
"the Programme" means the Nigeria Food, Resource, and Commodity Assurance Programme established under Article 1;
"a NFAC outlet" means a Nigerian Food Assurance Centre established under Article 1;
"the 11-digit National Identification Number" or "NIN" means the personal identification number issued by the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) under the National Identity Management Commission Act, 2007;
"NSIA" means the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority established under the Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (Establishment, Etc.) Act, 2011;
"BOI" means the Bank of Industry Limited;
"DBN" means the Development Bank of Nigeria;
"BOA" means the Bank of Agriculture;
"NNPC Limited" means the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited incorporated under the Companies and Allied Matters Act in furtherance of the Petroleum Industry Act, 2021;
"TCN" means the Transmission Company of Nigeria;
"NERC" means the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission;
"the Electricity Act 2023" means the Electricity Act, 2023 (replacing the Electric Power Sector Reform Act 2005);
"NSIPA" means the National Social Investment Programme Agency;
"NCTO" means the National Cash Transfer Office;
"the Renewed Hope CCT" or "RH-CCT" means the Renewed Hope Conditional Cash Transfer programme administered by NCTO under NSIPA;
"NIMC" means the National Identity Management Commission;
"BVN" means the Bank Verification Number issued by Nigerian banks under Central Bank of Nigeria authority;
"the Co-operative Societies Act" means the Nigerian Co- operative Societies Act providing for the registration and operation of co-operative societies throughout the Federation;
"esusu", "ajo", "adashe", and "asusu" mean the Nigerian indigenous rotating savings and credit associations of the Yoruba, Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo cultural traditions respectively;
"the Marmot quartet" means the four research programmes identified in Universal Foundational Citation C above (Marmot Whitehall, Sapolsky Serengeti baboons, Shively cynomolgus macaques, Blackburn telomere research);
"the replication threshold" means the Casey Handmer formulation identified in Universal Foundational Citation A above;
"the Renewed Hope agenda" means the policy agenda of the Tinubu administration following the inauguration of 29 May 2023;
"Omoluabi" means the Yoruba cultural ideal of integrity, character, and communal responsibility;
"Imeobi" means the Igbo cultural ideal of brotherhood and communal solidarity;
"Mutunci" means the Hausa cultural ideal of human dignity and personhood;
"ordinarily resident" has the meaning given by the National Identity Management Commission Act, 2007, and Nigerian immigration law.